{"id":2919,"date":"2025-06-04T03:55:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-04T03:55:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mielogroup.com\/?p=2919"},"modified":"2025-06-04T10:28:40","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T10:28:40","slug":"mica-vs-mifid-when-crypto-becomes-a-financial-instrument","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mielogroup.com\/fr\/mica-vs-mifid-when-crypto-becomes-a-financial-instrument\/","title":{"rendered":"MiCA vs MiFID : quand les crypto-monnaies deviennent des instruments financiers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2919\" class=\"elementor elementor-2919\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true}}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e37cbd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7e37cbd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5132d7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5132d7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Avec l'entr\u00e9e en vigueur du r\u00e8glement MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation), l'Union europ\u00e9enne dispose d\u00e9sormais d'un cadre r\u00e9glementaire sp\u00e9cifique pour les crypto-actifs. Cependant, tous les jetons ne rel\u00e8vent pas du champ d'application du MiCA.<\/p>\n<p>Certains crypto-actifs peuvent en revanche \u00eatre class\u00e9s comme <strong>instruments financiers<\/strong>, auquel cas ils sont soumis \u00e0 <strong>MiFID II<\/strong> \u2014 le cadre r\u00e9glementaire de l'UE applicable aux produits d'investissement traditionnels.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article explique les principales diff\u00e9rences entre la MiCA et la MiFID II, les crit\u00e8res de classification des crypto-actifs, ainsi que leurs implications pour les \u00e9metteurs et les prestataires de services.<br><br><\/p>\n<p><strong>Qu'est-ce que la MiCA ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le MiCA (r\u00e8glement (UE) 2023\/1114) s'applique aux crypto-actifs qui sont <strong>qui ne sont pas encore r\u00e9glement\u00e9s<\/strong> en vertu de la l\u00e9gislation financi\u00e8re europ\u00e9enne en vigueur. Cela comprend :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jetons d'utilit\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>Jetons de paiement (non li\u00e9s \u00e0 une monnaie fiduciaire)<\/li>\n<li>La plupart des cryptomonnaies non adoss\u00e9es \u00e0 des actifs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La MiCA r\u00e9glemente \u00e0 la fois <strong>\u00e9metteurs de crypto-actifs<\/strong> et <strong>Fournisseurs de services li\u00e9s aux crypto-actifs (CASPs)<\/strong> proposant des services de n\u00e9gociation, de conservation, de change et autres.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br>Qu'est-ce que la directive MiFID II ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La directive MiFID II (directive 2014\/65\/UE) r\u00e9glemente <strong>instruments financiers<\/strong> par exemple :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Actions, obligations et produits d\u00e9riv\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Parts de fonds d'investissement<\/li>\n<li>Produits structur\u00e9s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Si un crypto-actif pr\u00e9sente les caract\u00e9ristiques d'un instrument financier, il rel\u00e8ve de la directive MiFID II \u2014 et non de la directive MiCA \u2014 et doit se conformer \u00e0 des r\u00e8gles plus strictes en mati\u00e8re de services d'investissement.<br><br><\/p>\n<p><strong>Diff\u00e9rence fondamentale : la classification juridique d'un jeton<br><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les <strong>question centrale<\/strong> pour tout projet est : <strong>Mon crypto-actif est-il consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un instrument financier au sens de la directive MiFID II ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Si oui \u2192 <strong>La directive MiFID II s'applique<\/strong>, et non le MiCA.<br>Si non \u2192 l'actif peut relever de <strong>MiCA<\/strong>, \u00e0 condition qu'il ne s'agisse pas de monnaie \u00e9lectronique ou d'un jeton de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<br><br><\/p>\n<p><strong>Lignes directrices de l'AEMF : comment classer les crypto-actifs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En d\u00e9cembre 2024, l'AEMF a publi\u00e9 des lignes directrices d\u00e9finitives (en vertu de l'article 2, paragraphe 5, de la directive MiCA) afin d'aider les autorit\u00e9s de r\u00e9gulation et les acteurs du march\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer si un crypto-actif peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un instrument financier.<\/p>\n<p>Parmi les facteurs cl\u00e9s, on peut citer :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Droits attach\u00e9s<\/strong>: Le jeton donne-t-il droit \u00e0 une participation aux b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, \u00e0 des droits de vote ou \u00e0 des droits de rachat ?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Objectif<\/strong>: S'agit-il d'un investissement, d'une op\u00e9ration sp\u00e9culative ou d'un financement ?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Structure<\/strong>: S'agit-il d'une action, d'une obligation ou d'un produit d\u00e9riv\u00e9 ?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transf\u00e9rabilit\u00e9<\/strong>: Le jeton peut-il \u00eatre n\u00e9goci\u00e9 ou transf\u00e9r\u00e9 de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que des titres ?<br><br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Si le jeton remplit des fonctions \u00e9conomiques similaires \u00e0 celles des instruments financiers traditionnels, il est probable qu'il rel\u00e8ve de la directive MiFID II.<br><br><\/p>\n<p><strong>Exemples de classification selon la directive MiFID et la directive MiCA<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Type de crypto-actif<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9glementation probable<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Un jeton utilitaire servant \u00e0 acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des services<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>MiCA (secteur non financier)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Un jeton qui rapporte des dividendes ou des participations aux b\u00e9n\u00e9fices<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>MiFID (instrument financier)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Un jeton de monnaie \u00e9lectronique index\u00e9 \u00e0 parit\u00e9 1:1 sur une monnaie fiduciaire<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>MiCA (dispositions relatives aux EMT)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Une offre de jetons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pr\u00e9sentant des caract\u00e9ristiques similaires \u00e0 celles des obligations<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>MiFID<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Une cryptomonnaie stable adoss\u00e9e \u00e0 plusieurs actifs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>MiCA (dispositions relatives \u00e0 l'ART)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong><br>Pourquoi c'est important<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La classification d\u00e9termine :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Quelle licence ?<\/strong> est obligatoire (CASP par rapport \u00e0 une entreprise d'investissement MiFID)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quelles sont les r\u00e8gles en mati\u00e8re de divulgation ?<\/strong> s'appliquent aux livres blancs ou aux prospectus<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quels organismes de r\u00e9glementation<\/strong> superviser les activit\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li><strong>Comment sont g\u00e9r\u00e9s les services transfrontaliers<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Le niveau de protection des investisseurs et de conformit\u00e9 requis<br><br><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Une classification erron\u00e9e peut entra\u00eener <strong>sanctions r\u00e9glementaires<\/strong>, des arr\u00eats forc\u00e9s et une atteinte \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation.<br><br><\/p>\n<p><strong>Un projet peut-il relever des deux cat\u00e9gories ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Non \u2014 <strong>La MiCA ne s'applique pas aux crypto-actifs qui constituent des instruments financiers<\/strong> en vertu de la directive MiFID II. Ces deux cadres sont <strong>mutuellement exclusifs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, une seule entreprise pourrait exercer ses activit\u00e9s <strong>ces deux types de services<\/strong>, \u00e0 condition qu'elle d\u00e9tienne les licences requises (par exemple, une licence d'entreprise d'investissement au titre de la directive MiFID et une licence CASP).<br><br><\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9terminer si un crypto-actif rel\u00e8ve de la MiCA ou de la MiFID II est une \u00e9tape cruciale pour la conformit\u00e9 au sein de l'UE.<\/p>\n<p>La directive MiCA apporte une certaine clart\u00e9 sur une grande partie du march\u00e9 des cryptomonnaies, mais les entreprises qui \u00e9mettent ou n\u00e9gocient des jetons pr\u00e9sentant des caract\u00e9ristiques de nature financi\u00e8re doivent n\u00e9anmoins d\u00e9terminer si elles rel\u00e8vent de la r\u00e9glementation financi\u00e8re traditionnelle. En cas de doute, il est indispensable de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une analyse juridique approfondie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With the rollout of MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation), the European Union now has a dedicated regulatory framework for crypto-assets. But not all tokens fall under MiCA. Some crypto-assets may instead be classified as financial instruments, in which case they are subject to MiFID II \u2014 the EU\u2019s framework for traditional investment products. This article [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digital-assets-blockchain-landscape"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn the difference between MiCA and MiFID II, and how to classify crypto-assets as either regulated tokens or financial instruments in the EU.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"team\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mielogroup.com\/fr\/mica-vs-mifid-when-crypto-becomes-a-financial-instrument\/\" \/>\n\t<meta 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